Toddlers love to play—but in the early years, they often play side by side, not together. This is called parallel play, and it’s a normal and healthy part of development. Over time, toddlers learn to interact, share, and enjoy playing with others. This stage is called group play, and it’s an important step in their social growth. In this article, we’ll explore the difference between parallel and group play, and how you can help your toddler move gently from one to the next.
What Is Parallel Play?
Parallel play happens when two or more toddlers play near each other, often with similar toys, but without much interaction. They may:
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Sit side by side
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Play with similar items (like blocks or cars)
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Watch each other, but not talk much
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Imitate one another without direct cooperation
This stage usually appears between 18 months and 2.5 years old, and it’s perfectly normal. It helps toddlers:
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Learn from others
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Feel safe while still being near peers
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Practice observing and copying new behaviors
What Is Group Play?
Group play, also called cooperative play, is when children begin to play together with shared goals or activities. In group play, toddlers may:
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Take turns
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Share toys
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Create pretend stories together
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Talk, laugh, and respond to each other
Group play often starts to develop around ages 3 to 4, but some toddlers may show signs earlier or later. This type of play supports:
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Social skills
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Language development
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Emotional understanding
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Teamwork and problem-solving
How to Support the Transition
Helping your toddler move from parallel play to group play doesn’t happen overnight. It takes time, patience, and the right support.
Here are simple ways to encourage the shift:
Start with Small Groups
Begin with just one or two playmates. Too many children at once can feel overwhelming. Familiar playmates or siblings are a great starting point.
Choose Open-Ended Toys
Offer toys that encourage interaction, such as:
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Blocks
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Play kitchens
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Toy animals or dolls
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Trains or cars with tracks
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Pretend food
These toys make it easier for toddlers to join in, copy each other, or build something together.
Model Group Play Behavior
Show your toddler how to share, take turns, or invite others in. Say:
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“Can Sam have a turn with the car?”
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“Let’s build this tower together!”
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“I see you both cooking in the kitchen. Yum!”
When you model kind, cooperative behavior, toddlers learn what to do through your example.
Use Simple Language
Toddlers are still learning how to communicate. Use short, clear phrases to guide play, like:
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“Let’s play together.”
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“Your turn, then my turn.”
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“Can you give the truck to Emma?”
These phrases teach important social words and build confidence.
Encourage Pretend Play
Pretend play is a great way to bring toddlers together. Create a story or setting they can join in, such as:
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Playing restaurant
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Caring for baby dolls
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Going on a “bear hunt”
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Fixing things with toy tools
Pretend play gives them a shared focus and encourages communication.
Celebrate Group Play Moments
When your toddler tries to play with another child, even briefly, celebrate it! Say:
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“You played with Mia so nicely!”
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“That was great sharing.”
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“You helped build that tower together!”
Positive reinforcement encourages them to keep trying.
Be Patient and Flexible
Every child moves at their own pace. Some toddlers will love group play quickly, while others may take more time. Allow space for both parallel and group play to exist as your toddler grows.
Final Thoughts
The move from parallel play to group play is a big step for toddlers. It’s how they begin to connect, communicate, and build friendships. By offering the right environment, modeling good behavior, and praising their progress, you help your child grow into a confident and social little person.
Remember—play is learning, and every shared block, pretend pizza, or turn-taking moment brings them closer to strong social skills for life.